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發(fā)表于 2009-9-13 19:06:02
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接著，再來看看ls
可以help一下，但是ls 的命令參數(shù)太多了。以至于我們無法在一屏里面完整的看出。這個(gè)時(shí)候我們可以用less。
這個(gè)我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過了。看到了吧，之前學(xué)過的命令都是很重要的。- [changyongid@Fedora c]$ ls --help
- \Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
- List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
- Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
- Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
- -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..
- --author with -l, print the author of each file
- -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
- --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
- -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
- -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
- modification of file status information)
- with -l: show ctime and sort by name
- otherwise: sort by ctime
- -C list entries by columns
- --color[=WHEN] control whether color is used to distinguish file
- types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'
- -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
- and do not dereference symbolic links
- -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
- -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
- -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
- --file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
- --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
- single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
- --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
- -g like -l, but do not list owner
- --group-directories-first
- group directories before files.
- augment with a --sort option, but any
- use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
- -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
- -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
- (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
- --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
- -H, --dereference-command-line
- follow symbolic links listed on the command line
- --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
- follow each command line symbolic link
- that points to a directory
- --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
- (overridden by -a or -A)
- --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
- none (default), slash (-p),
- file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
- -i, --inode print the index number of each file
- -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
- -k like --block-size=1K
- -l use a long listing format
- -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
- link, show information for the file the link
- references rather than for the link itself
- -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
- -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
- -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
- characters specially)
- -o like -l, but do not list group information
- -p, --indicator-style=slash
- append / indicator to directories
- -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
- --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
- unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
- -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
- --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
- literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
- -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
- -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
- -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
- -S sort by file size
- --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
- extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
- --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
- time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
- or status -c; use specified time as sort key
- if --sort=time
- --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
- full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
- FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
- FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
- non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
- if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
- takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
- -t sort by modification time
- -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
- -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
- with -l: show access time and sort by name
- otherwise: sort by access time
- -U do not sort; list entries in directory order
- -v sort by version
- -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
- -x list entries by lines instead of by columns
- -X sort alphabetically by entry extension
- -1 list one file per line
- SELinux options:
- --lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
- will probably be too wide for most displays.
- -Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most
- displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
- security context and file name.
- --scontext Display only security context and file name.
- --help display this help and exit
- --version output version information and exit
- SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
- kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
- By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is
- equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the
- optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With
- --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected
- to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the
- colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.
- Exit status:
- 0 if OK,
- 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
- 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
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發(fā)表于 2009-9-13 11:03:11